Renée N. Lafferty is associate professor of History at Brock University and a relative newcomer to the study of Freemasonry. Her graduate work at Dalhousie University examined the world of denominational children’s institutions in Nova Scotia, culminating in her first book, The Guardianship of Best Interests (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2013). Maintaining an abiding interest in religious history — or, more accurately, in the history of sin — she has recently turned her attention to the social and cultural world of the War of 1812, where sin of all description abounded. In this domain, alcohol, prayer, sex, treason and desertion among the fighting men, have become the mainstay of her research.
Brothers in Arms: Freemasons and the War of 1812
North American Freemasonry at the turn of the 19th century was a self-consciously international fraternity. Its members claimed the bonds of brotherhood as essential for maintaining a brand of friendship and understanding, which deliberately transcended boundaries of nation, race and religious belief. Lodges in both the rudely-built villages and the growing cities of the continent promised to hone the moral and spiritual sensibilities of their members and, as Quebec Brother Alexander Spark reflected, help them to “lay aside the fierceness of an hostile disposition” and “to embrace one another like Brethren.” The fraternity’s ability to transcend boundaries between all men, however, was sorely tested by the outbreak of war between Britain and the United States in June of 1812. For nearly three years, Freemasonry, a brotherhood of peace, was at war.
Professor Lafferty seeks to demonstrate how Masonic tenets helped the fighting men face the extraordinary physical and moral challenges of violent conflict. Reflecting, reinforcing and sometimes defining the boundaries of honourable manhood, courage and loyalty, Freemasons at war had a formidable reserve of ideals to draw upon as they fought on behalf of their respective nations. The troubling reality, however, was that these principles were practised on both sides of the conflict. In a gruesome number of bloody confrontations, Masons found themselves fighting to the death against men who, in peacetime, they would call brothers. How this particular war affected North American Freemasonry — and how Masons themselves sometimes affected the war by setting the brotherhood above the demands of nation — are fundamental questions for understanding both the history of Masonry and the War of 1812. For the former, the conflict exposes the lived experience of Masonry, outside of the lodge room. For the latter, it forces us to reconsider the boundaries of citizenship that this war ultimately defined, and the narrowly defined sense of treason and honour which attended it.
Renée Lafferty-Salhany currently teaches in the Centre for Canadian Studies as well as the History Department. Her areas of interest are modern Canadian history and culture, religion and denominationalism, and the history of voluntary organizations and public policy. Prior to joining the department at Brock, she worked as a Post-Doctoral Fellow at York University, researching an on-going project on the history of Alcoholics Anonymous and the emergence of public health programmes in Ontario after 1935. She is also presently working on a manuscript study of children’s homes and orphans’ asylums in Halifax, Nova Scotia, between the late 1800s and 1960. An article based on this latter research was recently published by the Canadian History Review (2002).
Karen Caldwell taught for 35 years in the public school system in